bibliottTurabian Citation Generator — 9th edition
Free, accurate Turabian citations in seconds. Built for student papers, history, theology. AI fills in missing metadata; you copy or export.
What is Turabian 9th edition?
Turabian is the student-paper version of Chicago, written by Kate Turabian and now maintained by the Chicago Manual of Style team. The 9th edition (2018) gives students the same notes-bibliography and author-date systems as Chicago, but with formatting tuned for class assignments, theses, and dissertations.
When to use Turabian
- Most US college and graduate-school history papers
- Theology and seminary writing
- Theses and dissertations that follow university Chicago/Turabian guidelines
Turabian quick reference
In-text citation
Same as Chicago: superscript notes (NB) or (Author Year, page) (author-date).
NB: …as Smith argues.¹ Author-date: (Smith 2023, 45).
Bibliography (alphabetical, hanging indent)
Author Last, First. Title. City: Publisher, Year.
Brown, Peter. Citation in the Digital Age. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021.
Key Turabian formatting rules
- Choose notes-bibliography or author-date — usually mandated by department.
- Bibliography in 12pt double-spaced, hanging indent.
- Always include a separator page for sections (Notes, Bibliography).
Other citation styles
Turabian FAQ
Use whichever your university requires. Most Chicago-style citations are valid Turabian — they share the same Chicago Manual of Style backbone.